What exactly does an Investment Banker do?

Question by evil cookie: What exactly does an Investment Banker do?
and would you have any tips for an IB interview?

thanks

Best answer:

Answer by Nathiya
Investment banker’s duty is to advise their clients on high level issues of financial organization. They handle issuance of bonds, recommend and execute strategies for taking over and merging with other companies, and handle selling a company’s stock to the public. Work weeks of 70 hours or more are common, and all night sessions before deals close are the rule rather than the exception. Most commonly, investment bankers who leave the profession go on to financial jobs in-house with a client of their former banking firm, as financial officers and analysts. Bankers who have become sufficiently established, with clients who trust them and reputations for expertise in their fields, can become entrepreneurs, leaving their firms to set up their own investment banks.

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Q&A: When a commercial bank lends money lends money?

Question by Chris: When a commercial bank lends money lends money?
When a commercial bank lends money through a checking account the money the bank lends comes from or belongs to?

Best answer:

Answer by John Bradley
The money comes from one of two places:

1. The bank’s deposit base (the money customers deposit with the bank).

2. Other funding sources, such as debt securitization (the selling of bonds backed by loans the bank makes).*

Option one is the “old” way of getting money to lend.

Option two is the “new” way of getting money to lend, though bank’s overreliance on alternative funding sources was recently shaken up quite a bit with the recent “credit crisis,” as many banks saw the market for debt-backed securities shrink (in other words, the number of people willing to buy these securities got smaller, and the ones that remain weren’t buying as many as before).

Banks are now increasingly relying on good old fashioned deposits as a source of money to lend, though debt securitization is here to stay.

*When you apply for a loan, the bank may require that you put up an asset of yours as security. This asset may be cash, a car, real estate, or anything else of value. Debt securitization works the same way. To the bank, a loan it issues is considered an asset, and as with all assets, this assett has a market value. Bank can raise money in the financial markets by selling bonds (loans payable by the bank) that is backed by the bank’s total portfolio of loans, in case the bank defaults on it’s debt.

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Credit Securitization: how exactly does it work?

Question by Dang: Credit Securitization: how exactly does it work?
Say I have a portfolio of 100 credit card customers, what are the technical steps to securitize it? E.g. how do I do the following:

1) Data Mining
I assume the first step is some sort of database/spreadsheet (MS Excel?) with the debtors info, how does one quickly sort what slots in each tranche? Some sort of macro/algorithm?

2) Credit Rating
How does one benchmark what the risk of the tranches are? Do I simply go to Moodys and ask them to look at them and that’s it??

3) Issuance
Once we have a plan of which receivables we want in each tranche, what then? Do we go to a legal firm to issue the bonds?

Team Size Required:
How many people would I need in a small securitization team? What sort of experience would they require if we were just doing basic credit card pfolio?

Basically I am looking to set up my own niche securitization venture…I have no background in securitization though!

Thanks!

Best answer:

Answer by ADAM S
Read This : – ” Credit Card Securitization – An Overview ”

Here : – http://www.flixya.com/post/GOLDCash360/767657/

.+.

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Q&A: Question about Loan Securitization?

Question by Scott45: Question about Loan Securitization?
Company ABC is looking to refinance a 75 million securitized loan on an office building in NY. Is this basically just saying the loan has been sectioned off in different tranches and was sold to investors via CMBS. Can someone give me alittle insight on the securitization process how and why it happens and who all does it.Also take the above example and say they can’t find the cash for the refi.. How would that effect the cmbs security they bought if one of the properties within goes in default

Best answer:

Answer by ronwizfr
Suppose you are a mortgage company. You have $ 1 million in capital, loaned out to 10 customers at 8% interest rate over 30 years. Obviously you are going to get your money back, either in payments or in foreclosed houses but it´s going to take a while. So in order to have the million back today you sell them to some other investors. Obviously you have to give up some of your future profits for cash now.

You could sell those 10 loans to 10 investors. Each investor would be taking a risk in buying those loans, because if any loan defaults, that one investor loses his money. Naturally, investors would not be willing to pay very much for those loans, knowing the risk involved. In order to get a better price, you combine the 10 loans into one special purpose entity, which you then split into 10 equal shares. Each investor still pays the same $ 100,000+x, but instead of owning one loan, they will own 10% of all 10 loans. If one loan fails, every investor loses only 10%.

And you can do even better, by buying credit derivatives insuring against the default or inflation and adding them to the entity.

The result is that you will be able to sell the loan assets for more money, and investors are insulated from the volatility of directly owning mortgages.

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SPE’s for securitization?

Question by Johnny Question: SPE’s for securitization?
How do investors look at SPEs for the purpose of securitization of receivables? Should they be skeptical?

Best answer:

Answer by JoeyV
I’ll assume that you are in the US as I have no idea how this works in some other random country. I also assume that you mean the investor in the originating company, not an investor in a security based on the receivables.

In the US, the sale of receivables to the SPE must be a “true sale” pursuant to FASB 125. The rules on this are pretty strict and, unless there is reason to suspect the company is pretty dirty, I would generally regard it that way. This is significantly better than some off-balance sheet transfer that represents securitized lending and is some way of hiding debt.

I know this sort-of smells like Enron’s SPV’s or something, but I believe that most securitized receivables are just replacing traditional financing of receivables by a cheaper alternative and one that cleans up the balance sheet. Would you prefer that a company borrow short-term money by floating commercial paper, for instance, or securitizing their receivables? In the former instance, they have debt on the books that is probably higher on the capital pecking order than your investment and in the latter they have cash. Since the SPE is “bankruptcy-remote”, the securities issued by the SPE are likely to be more highly rated than the commercial paper so the cost to the company is probably less.

Skepticism is always good, but I think that you can be skeptically optimistic about this.

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Econ: Securitization?

Question by Zoey Hockey: Econ: Securitization?
What role did securitization play in the recession.

Best answer:

Answer by Jim G
Secularization is the financial practice of pooling various types of contractual debt such as residential mortgages, commercial mortgages, auto loans or credit card debt obligations and selling said consolidated debt as bonds, pass-through securities, or Collateralized mortgage obligation (CMOs), to various investors. The principal and interest on the debt, underlying the security, is paid back to the various investors regularly. Securities backed by mortgage receivables are called mortgage-backed securities (MBS), while those backed by other types of receivables are asset-backed securities (ABS).
This is highly risky for all your available money to be tied up in times like this recession.

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How do mortgage backed securities work?

Question by mercymercy: How do mortgage backed securities work?

Best answer:

Answer by Net Advisor
“Mortgage-backed securities (MBS) are debt obligations that represent claims to the cash flows from pools of mortgage loans, most commonly on residential property.”

They are purchased from banks, mortgage companies, and other originators and then assembled into pools by a governmental, quasi-governmental, or private entity. A company sells securities (bonds) that are backed by principal and interest payments made by people who make payments on home loans. This process is called, “securitization.”

In the event of default, the bond holders lose money. Too many people assumed factors that would never happen.

1. Real estate prices could never fall.
2. Interest rates won’t go up.

Result (in short). During 2004-2006, The FED raised the Fed Funds Rate 425%. The result caused a massive credit squeeze where people with adjustable and higher risk mortgages began defaulting. The result created foreclosures, and this began to feed on itself.

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What advancement in technology made capitalism possible? And what will the elimination of capitalism therefore?

Question by Lodar of the Hill People: What advancement in technology made capitalism possible? And what will the elimination of capitalism therefore?
result in as far as human progress?

Best answer:

Answer by W.C. Felcher
Private ownership of fee simple absolute property, legal enforcement of contract rights, and the securitization of loans.

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What are the job functions of a corporate banker? Risk assessement? Treasury?

Question by Future Trader?: What are the job functions of a corporate banker? Risk assessement? Treasury?
I am a fresh graduate and now deciding whether to join the financial service sector or research firm, so just need some info on corporate banking. Please be specific like describing the divisions and job functions and responsibilities. Thanks a lot for the help, whoever you are. My future depends on it!

Best answer:

Answer by blue.financer
-Sector profile
http://news.efinancialcareers.com/SECTOR_PROFILE_ITEM/newsItemId-5499

-Analysts usually start off with credit analysis. This involves looking over balance sheets and determining whether the client will follow through with paying back. Specifically, you’re looking at coverage and leverage ratios and measuring the likelihood of default.

Corporate bankers typically focus on the securitization process (that involves alot of assets and divides them up into tradable shares) and the issuance of large loans. Such can be used for project finance. Among other things, you’ll have exposure to hedging against foreign exchange risk and managing international systems of payment.

Treasury Management (from London School of Economics):

“To plan, organise and control cash and borrowings so as to optimise interest and currency flows, and minimise the cost of funds. Also to plan and execute communications programmes to enhance investors confidence in the firm.”

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Q&A: How to punish Hank Paulson if it comes out that he is personally involved in the Madoff-scandal?

Question by johann_mb: How to punish Hank Paulson if it comes out that he is personally involved in the Madoff-scandal?

Best answer:

Answer by Mary Ann
Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson sold the $ 700 billion financial bailout to Congress by insisting that emergency cash was needed to get rotting mortgage and other assets off banks’ balance sheets. Now he’s telling a different story!

He now announced plans to use the bailout cash for a distinctly different approach to resolving the financial mess: injecting additional capital into banks (potentially expanding the initiative to include non-bank financial institutions), supporting the asset-backed securitization market, and looking at ways to prevent foreclosures.

Hank Paulson should be sentenced to five-years/50 hrs a week of Community Service in various area such as foreclosure assistance, homeless shelters, food banks, food kitchens for the poor, meals on wheels to see the fear in those who have lost their investments and now have nothing to eat, etc. No amount of money will hurt him as much as the souls of those who are now suffering.

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what does securitization of mortgage debts mean?

Question by No88oN: what does securitization of mortgage debts mean?
please try to explain as much as possible

Thanks

Best answer:

Answer by the tax lady
It’s a fancy phrase for the bank that makes the loan bundling one loan with a 1000 others and selling them as a type of security. The problem was, the banks promised the securities were AAA rates when they should have had a grade of F-. One well known issue paid just 6 cents on the dollar after the market failed.

Search on npr and giant pool of money and listen to the award winning shows on this topic.

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Q&A: I need help finding a company that still offerst student loans.?

Question by Ana: I need help finding a company that still offerst student loans.?
Financial aid didn’t cover my whole tuition and books.
I need help finding a comapany that still offers student loans.
Any suggestions?

Best answer:

Answer by NotAnyoneYouKnow
The news on this front might be improving. Don’t take this as a personal recommendation (one way or the other) about Sallie Mae, but here’s an excerpt from an article that just appeared in the Washington Post this past week:

“Sallie Mae Raises $ 1.5 Billion for Private Loans

Reston-based Sallie Mae has secured $ 1.5 billion worth of financing from investment bank Goldman Sachs for a batch of private student loans, a sign that credit for the frozen student loan markets may be beginning to thaw.

The deal is the first transaction to provide funding for the private student loan market since September 2007, other than a relatively small securitization of $ 124 million, which was sold by the private lender MyRichUncle on July 10, 2008, according to Mark Kantrowitz, the publisher of FinAid.org.

“That’s significant, as a first sign of a thawing of the capital markets,” Kantrowitz said.”

On the other hand – if you’re looking for a list of lenders that are no longer making student loans – you can find that list here:

http://www.nasfaa.org/publications/2008/rsuspensions030408.html

You’ll find a few well-known names there, lenders like Bank of America, Comerica, GMAC, My Rich Uncle, Next Student, and the now-departed Wachovia and Washington Mutual.

Your best bet is to check with the financial aid office at your school – that’s part of what the financial aid officers are paid to keep track of (who’s still making loans available to their students). Another important option is to contact whichever banking institution you (or your parents) have had a long-term relationship with – especially if that institution is a credit union or a regional bank. Some lenders have limited the availability of educational loans strictly to loyal customers, and they’re no longer advertising these products to the general public.

All of that being said, you’re in a for struggle, as you already know. Educational loans are high-risk loan products, and these are exactly the types of loans that nearly every bank is trying to avoid.

Good luck to you.

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Overview of Securitization?

Question by Louie: Overview of Securitization?
I’m starting a job in the finance department of a law firm in the fall, and I’ll be working primarily in securitization. I don’t know exactly what it is (which they say isn’t a problem), but I’d like to get a general overview before I start. Any recommended “primers” or hornbook-type sources to check out?

Best answer:

Answer by Eggolas M
A Primer on Securitization (Paperback)
by Leon T. Kendall (Editor), Michael J. Fishman

It’s fine coming out of law school not to know the basics of securitization. The law firm will begin your training soon enough.

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how debentures influence money supply in an economy?

Question by alexis: how debentures influence money supply in an economy?

can you tell me how it influences money supply. i have no clue how .

Best answer:

Answer by sajan achuthan pillai
A debenture is defined as a certificate of acceptance of loans which is given under the company’s stamp and carries an undertaking that the debenture holder will get a fixed return (fixed on the basis of interest rates) and the principal amount whenever the debenture matures.

In finance, a debenture is a long-term debt instrument used by governments and large companies to obtain funds. It is defined as “a debt secured only by the debtor’s earning power, not by a lien on any specific asset.” It is similar to a bond except the securitization conditions are different. A debenture is usually unsecured in the sense that there are no liens or pledges on specific assets. It is, however, secured by all properties not otherwise pledged. In the case of bankruptcy debenture holders are considered general creditors.

The advantage of debentures to the issuer is they leave specific assets burden free, and thereby leave them open for subsequent financing.Debentures are generally freely transferrable by the debenture holder. Debenture holders have no voting rights and the interest given to them is a charge against profit.

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Places Where a Teenager Can Submit Articles?

Question by Supriya G: Places Where a Teenager Can Submit Articles?
An online publication or so which accepts articles, or will pay you per article.

Best answer:

Answer by Mike
Depends on what kind of article. General articles are very hard to get paid for, but if you have a rare, specific talent or skill, you can make some money. For example, I frequently publish articles in regards to sub-prime asset securitization and some short fiction. I earn 50x more from specialist articles than I do from something at Blackgate. But fiction is more fun. A teenager may have a special skill too – maybe articles dedicated to a hobby or piece of pop culture you love.

Pay sites for fiction are more common than pay sites for news. Either way, blogging is more profitable as you can earn money via clicks and views instead of just a flat 4c per word. Also freelancing on Elance or other consulting sites pays a better per-word rate than articles too.

Squidoo is one of the bigger support sites for writers/journalists. They’ve got a list of ways to make money from writing including submitting articles.

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Why do banks package loans into securities?

Question by BeachBabe: Why do banks package loans into securities?
a. To spread the risk of default and increase liquidity.
b. To take advantage of tax breaks passed by the Federal Government as part of stimulus packages.
c. Because banking regulations require them to do so.
d. In order to get around adhering to current banking regulations.

Best answer:

Answer by Richard B
mainly because a law called “Glass -Stiegal” that required banks and financial institutions to be separate was repealed only a few decades ago

it allowed them to make bets and sell stuff that no one understood they claimed it was like buying insurance but it was really a scheme
read some robert Reiche and Richard Wolff about the resent history

“frontline had an excellent two hour show about what happened

in short a few people made huge fortunes and everybody else paid for it

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doing a paper on the US government role in the current mortgage/housing meltdown?

Question by Tim6298: doing a paper on the US government role in the current mortgage/housing meltdown?
What points should I try to make? Any good articles, or websites?
Anything that will list policies that were put in place but the governement that led to the current housing crisis, and policies that will get us out of it

Best answer:

Answer by stephen sexton
Accually goverment caused the melt down in the first place. During the Clinton years they said lenders need to lower their regulations so lower income people could get loans for homes. People they wouldn’t have lended to before. Then as time went on more and more lower income people could get bigger and bigger loans and then could’nt pay them back. Now your want goverment to fix the problem they created. Interesting.

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Q&A: What will financial form mean for the mortgage analytics industry?

Question by : What will financial form mean for the mortgage analytics industry?

Best answer:

Answer by Jim
According to mortgage analytics firm Heitman Analytics…who knows? But it’s fun to read up on others’ projections. Read the full post at http://blog.heitmananalytics.com.

Finance forecasts and projections abound with financial reform now right around the corner. It’s all white noise, of course, until the chips begin to fall. But one thing is for sure: it’s bound to shake up the way we all approach mortgage analytics. And this industry has certainly seen its share of changes in the last couple years. But while we’re not putting too much stock in all the prognoses circulating the web, we do think it’s important to stay tuned in. Here are a couple we’ve been paying attention to lately…

…and The Huffington Post has these thoughts about how the impending bill will impact the mortgage industry in particular:

The Bill is Jet Fuel for Concentration of Mortgage Risk: One of the likely outcomes of the bill is that the largest financial institutions will increase their already bloated share of the mortgage market. Five banks today control in excess of 65% of the mortgage market — the financial bill will accelerate this trend by favoring banks over independent lenders. This was a deliberate decision pushed by Chairman Frank and the administration on the theory that large banks were easier to regulate than myriad independent lenders. Thus risk retention requirements, compensation rules, and licensing standards are all tilted toward large banks. The result is that the big will get bigger — and the level of mortgage risk will concentrate further — though the administration argues that more competent regulators and safer mortgage products alleviate the concern about “too bigger to fail”.

Indefinite and Increased Government Support for Mortgage Market: The bill further increases the dependence of the mortgage and housing market on federal support. Private capital is already scarce in housing — over 95% of mortgages today are guaranteed directly or indirectly by FHA and other government agencies. Private securitizations will be helped by new rules that create transparency and requirements that rating agencies do their homework before rating a mortgage security. But other parts of the bill impose new liability on securitizers for the underlying mortgages originated by third parties, and requirements to retain capital when transferring risk. The full contours of these rules won’t be issued by regulators for 2-3 years — extending a period of uncertainty that has dissuaded private investors from restarting the flow of mortgage capital. Meanwhile, the federal footprint in mortgages will become deeper and deeper in order to keep the housing market from the dreaded double dip — and making the unwinding of federal intervention that much more difficult.

A Smaller Mortgage Market With Fewer Qualified Borrowers: The new law places significant hurdles to offering any mortgage products outside the “plain vanilla” category. Regulators must define what is inside or outside the plain-vanilla box. Clearly, firm regulation of mortgage products is necessary in light of the subprime meltdown. But exactly where regulators draw the line will have a substantial impact on what kind of mortgages are available and which borrowers will qualify for a mortgage. Already we have seen that non-traditional borrowers have virtually fallen out of the home-buying market, other than thru government guaranteed FHA loans. Last year, rejection rates for African American and Latino borrowers skyrocketed for non-FHA loans. Will new mortgage standards be flexible enough to allow for reasonable credit risk determinations — or will plain vanilla mortgages mean plain vanilla homeowners?

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